The Complete Guide to Piano Tuning and Piano Care

A piano is a precision instrument, and keeping it sounding its best requires more than simply playing it. Over time, changes in temperature, humidity, use and the natural movement of the instrument can cause a piano to go out of tune. Regular professional maintenance can help keep the instrument sounding good and identify potential problems before they become more serious. Whether you own a grand piano, upright piano or an older instrument, understanding piano tuning can help you know when it's time to call a professional.

How Often Should You Tune a Piano?

For many regularly used pianos, professional tuning is recommended approximately twice a year.

However, the ideal schedule depends on the instrument and its environment.

A piano may need more frequent attention if:

• It is played heavily

• It is used for performances

• It is exposed to significant environmental changes

• It is newly purchased

• It has recently been moved

• It has been neglected for a long period

If you're unsure when your piano was last tuned, it may be time to have it evaluated.

Why Do Pianos Go Out of Tune?

A piano contains many strings under substantial tension.

Over time, those strings can change tension, causing the notes to drift away from their intended pitch.

Environmental conditions can also influence the piano.

Changes in humidity and temperature can affect the wooden components of the instrument, which can contribute to changes in tuning.

Regular use and normal aging also play a role.

Does Humidity Affect a Piano?

Yes.

Pianos contain substantial amounts of wood, and wood responds to changes in moisture in the surrounding environment.

Large swings in humidity can affect the instrument's components and tuning stability.

For that reason, piano owners should pay attention to the environment where the piano is located.

Avoid placing a piano in locations with extreme environmental conditions whenever possible.

Should You Tune a Piano After Moving?

Yes, it is generally a good idea to have a piano checked after it has been moved.

Moving can affect the instrument, and the change in environment can also influence tuning stability.

If you've recently moved a piano, scheduling a professional tuning can help ensure it is properly adjusted for its new environment.

How Long Does Piano Tuning Take?

A standard tuning appointment often takes around one to two hours, although the actual time varies.

Factors that can affect the appointment include:

• How long it has been since the previous tuning

• How far out of tune the piano is

• The condition of the instrument

• The piano's size and type

• Additional problems discovered during the appointment

A neglected piano may require more time than one that has been regularly maintained.

What Happens During a Piano Tuning?

A piano technician systematically adjusts the tension of the instrument's strings to bring the notes toward the appropriate pitches.

The technician listens carefully and uses specialized tools to make precise adjustments.

A tuning is different from a full repair.

Does Piano Tuning Fix Piano Problems?

Not necessarily.

Tuning addresses the pitch of the instrument.

Other problems may require separate attention.

These can include:

• Broken strings

• Sticking keys

• Damaged pedals

• Worn action components

• Mechanical problems

• Structural issues

If a technician identifies another problem, they can explain what needs to be done.

Can an Old Piano Be Tuned?

Age alone doesn't determine whether a piano can be tuned.

An older piano may still be serviceable, but its condition needs to be evaluated.

A technician may look at factors including:

• Tuning pins

• Strings

• Soundboard

• Bridges

• Action

• Keys

• Overall structural condition

A piano that has been neglected for many years may require additional work.

Can a Piano That Hasn't Been Tuned for Years Be Tuned?

Possibly.

However, a severely neglected piano can be significantly out of tune.

Rather than assuming that a standard tuning is all that's needed, have the instrument evaluated by a professional.

How Much Does Piano Tuning Cost?

Piano tuning prices vary based on location, technician, piano condition and the work required.

A straightforward tuning for a regularly maintained piano is different from working on an instrument that has been neglected for years.

If additional repairs are necessary, those can increase the total cost.

The best way to get an accurate price is to describe the piano's condition and maintenance history to a piano technician.

How Often Should a New Piano Be Tuned?

New pianos can require particular attention during their early period of use because the strings and other components are settling.

Your piano technician can recommend a schedule based on the instrument and how frequently it is played.

Can You Tune a Piano Yourself?

Piano tuning requires specialized tools, knowledge and a good understanding of the instrument.

Because piano strings are under significant tension and accurate tuning requires precision, many owners choose to have the work performed by a professional piano technician.

Piano Tuning vs. Piano Repair

It's important to understand the difference.

Tuning adjusts the pitch of the piano.

Repair addresses physical or mechanical problems.

Maintenance can involve inspection, adjustment and other work intended to keep the instrument functioning properly.

A piano may need one, two or all three.

How Do You Know Your Piano Needs Tuning?

Common signs include:

• Notes sound noticeably wrong

• Chords don't sound harmonious

• The piano sounds different from recordings or other instruments

• It has been a long time since the last tuning

• The piano has recently been moved

• The piano has experienced significant environmental changes

You don't necessarily have to wait until the piano sounds terrible.

Regular maintenance can help keep the instrument in better condition.

Find a Piano Tuning Professional

Whether your piano is overdue for a tuning, has recently been moved or simply doesn't sound the way it used to, find a professional piano technician near you.

A technician can assess the instrument, tune it and identify any additional maintenance it may require.